Abstract
Background: Surgical instrumentation nurses working in oncological operating rooms are occupationally exposed to cytostatic drugs through skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Procedures such as Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) represent a high-risk scenario with limited specific institutional protocols for this professional group. Objective: To describe and analyze the evidence-based protective measures for surgical instrumentation staff exposed to cytostatic drugs in the oncological operating room, based on a systematic review of the scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025. Methods: A systematic narrative review was conducted using the PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, and CINAHL databases. Studies published between January 2020 and December 2024 were included, using the MeSH terms: "cytostatics," "occupational exposure," "operating room nursing," "HIPEC," "hazardous drugs," "personal protective equipment." A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Evidence shows that cutaneous and inhalatory routes are the main exposure pathways in the operating room. The use of double nitrile gloves, impermeable gowns, FFP2/FFP3 masks, and eye protection significantly reduces the risk of contamination. Engineering controls (closed transfer systems) and administrative protocols are the most effective measures. The correct sequence for donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical step frequently neglected in clinical practice. Conclusion: Implementing a hierarchical risk-control strategy, specific institutional protocols, continuous training, and periodic health surveillance are essential to protect surgical instrumentation nurses from cytostatic-related occupational hazards.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Lincol Joan Cevallos Navia, Chávez Ruiz María Lisbeth, Franklin Antonio Vite Solorzano, Daniel Fabricio Alarcón Cano (Author)