Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, leading to significant hospitalization rates in Argentina. For decades, Palivizumab was the only effective prophylactic option, but its multiple-dose regimen and limited accessibility reduced its impact. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, emerges as an innovative alternative, providing sustained protection with a single seasonal dose. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and SciELO, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, and pediatric society guidelines published up to April 2024. Results: Nirsevimab demonstrated a significant reduction in hospitalizations related to RSV, surpassing Palivizumab and improving adherence. When combined with maternal vaccination, its effectiveness and cost-efficiency were further enhanced across multiple clinical settings. Conclusion: Nirsevimab represents a highly effective, safe, and easy-to-implement strategy with the potential to transform infant RSV prevention policies. However, additional studies in local populations are essential to evaluate long-term effectiveness, feasibility, and sustainability.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Lucila María Pellecchia, Facundo Juan Manuel Correa (Author)