Leprosy behavior in Pinar del Río province during the period 2014-2024

Abstract

Introduction: Leprosy is an infectious and low-contagion disease that attacks the skin and peripheral nerves. Objective: To characterize the incidence of leprosy in Pinar del Rio province from 2014 to 2024. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a population of 79 patients diagnosed with leprosy. To obtain information, statistical records from the Department of Medical Records and Health Statistics were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using the EPIDATA 3.0 program. Absolute and relative frequencies, and incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants, were used. Results: There was a decrease in leprosy cases during COVID-19 and an increase in cases in 2024. Females predominated, with more than 30% of cases occurring in the 25-59 age group. The multibacillary form predominated, with early diagnosis in most cases through early detection. Conclusions: Leprosy in Pinar del Río has tended to increase in 2024, showing a decline during the pandemic years. To advance its control, it is crucial to continue strengthening health systems, promote education and awareness about the disease, and foster a collaborative approach among different social actors to ensure that all people have access to adequate and timely medical care, contributing to the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem in the region.