Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus represents one of the most critical global health challenges, characterized by its high and increasing prevalence.
Objective: to characterize the clinical and epidemiological variables of patients with diabetes mellitus in a medical office in Centro Habana.
Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at Family Medical Office No. 10 in the municipality of Centro Habana, Havana, Cuba, between January and May 2025. Population: 105 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. The variables studied were: age, sex, Diabetes Mellitus classification, associated diseases, chronic complications, and pharmacological treatment. Data were processed using absolute frequencies and percentage relative frequencies for qualitative variables; arithmetic mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. It was based on a retrospective review of medical records.
Results: the age group of 65 years or older was the most affected (47,62 %), with a mean age of 63.5 years (±8.2 SD) and a predominance of females (55,24 %). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus constituted most diagnoses (92,38 %), primarily associated with Arterial Hypertension (74,29 %). Oral pharmacological treatment (Metformin/Glibenclamide) was the most used (59,05 %), and Arterial Hypertension was also identified as the most frequent complication (45,71 %).
Conclusions: the age group of 65 years or older and females showed a higher risk of diabetes mellitus. The type 2 modality was the most prevalent, commonly associated with arterial hypertension, which also constituted the most relevant complication. The predominant therapeutic management consisted of oral hypoglycemic agents.
References
1. Yedjou CG, Grigsby J, Mbemi A, Nelson D, Mildort B, Latinwo L, et al. The Management of Diabetes Mellitus Using Medicinal Plants and Vitamins. IJMS [Internet]. 2023 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];24(10):9085. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/9085
2. Antar SA, Ashour NA, Sharaky M, Khattab M, Ashour NA, Zaid RT, et al. Diabetes mellitus: Classification, mediators, and complications; A gate to identify potential targets for the development of new effective treatments. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy [Internet]. 2023 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];168:115734. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753332223015329
3. Tomic D, Shaw JE, Magliano DJ. The burden and risks of emerging complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2022 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];18(9):525-39. Disponible en: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-022-00690-7
4. Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, McGill JB, Berga SL, Bush M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan—2022 Update. Endocrine Practice [Internet]. 2022 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];28(10):923-1049. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1530891X22005766
5. Jacobo Rios KA, Pérez Flores LM, Téllez Guillen I. Riesgo cardiovascular en el adulto mayor con hipertensión y diabetes en una UMF. S. F. J. of Health [Internet]. 2023 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];4(1):131-43. Disponible en: https://ojs.southfloridapublishing.com/ojs/index.php/jhea/article/view/2536
6. López-Ríos JM, Herrera-Franco E, Taparcúa-Cardona FE, Rodríguez-Corredor LC, Díaz-Valencia PA, Peñaranda-Correa F. Educación dirigida a personas con diabetes: abordajes pedagógicos, teóricos y prácticos en tensión. Interface (Botucatu) [Internet]. 2023 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];27:e220235. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/interface.220235
7. Diaz Piñera AM, Rodríguez Salvá A, León Sánchez M, Fernández González L, Seuc Jo A, Londoño Agudelo E. Manejo y control de pacientes hipertensos. Rev Cubana Salud Pública [Internet]. 29 de marzo de 2023 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];49(2). Disponible en: https://revsaludpublica.sld.cu/index.php/spu/article/view/3385
8. Araújo Dourado TA, Parente Elvas Coelho Filho MA, Dias Loiola YF, Cardec da Silva W. ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA PREVALÊNCIA DE HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA ENTRE OS ESTADOS DO NORDESTE. Rev. Contemp. [Internet]. 2024 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];4(5):e4525. Disponible en: https://ojs.revistacontemporanea.com/ojs/index.php/home/article/view/4525
9. Lema Verdía L, Balboa Barreiroa V, Sánchez Couceiro E, Martín González C, Díaz Pértega S, Pillado Seoane T et al . Enfermedad arterial periférica en pacientes trasplantados renales. Validez del cuestionario de Edimburgo para el diagnóstico de enfermedad. Rev. nefrol. dial. traspl. [Internet]. 2021 Jun [citado 2025 Jul 06] ; 41( 2 ): 21-30. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2346-85482021000200021&lng=es.
10. Mercado Molina ED, Moreno Terán MV, Barrientos Suárez X, López Nuche M, Rodríguez Weber FL. Utilidad de los chequeos en la detección de hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, hiperlipidemia, en una unidad de chequeo. Acta Médica Grupo Ángeles [Internet]. 2024 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];22(1):40-3. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=114592
11. de Azevedo Kleinschmitt B, Duarte Tanuri L, Girotto dos Santos MC, Girotto dos Santos MF, Bachega Germani G. Retinopatia diabética: uma revisão abrangente sobre etiologia, epidemiologia, diagnóstico, tratamento farmacológico e cirúrgico . Braz. J. Hea. Rev. [Internet]. 2024 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];7(2):e68476. Disponible en: https://ojs.brazilianjournals.com.br/ojs/index.php/BJHR/article/view/68476
12. Falon Guzmán DJ, Villegas-Suárez JD, Cardona-Cardona J, Cardona-Cardona S, Quintero-López S, Castrillón Spitia JD, et al. Clínica y tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en adultos jóvenes en un hospital colombiano. Acta Med Col [Internet]. 2021 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];46(3). Disponible en: http://www.actamedicacolombiana.com/ojs/index.php/actamed/article/view/1902
13. Altamirano Guerrero OE, Bravo Espinoza MJ, Angulo Borja VH. Determinación de eficacia y seguridad del hidyt gel en pacientes diabéticos con lesiones en miembros inferiores. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2023 [citado 6 de Julio de 2025]; 42 (2). Disponible en: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/2961
14. Guerrón Enríquez S, Coral Celin IB, Jeaneth Jiménez M. Factores de riesgo asociados a diabetes gestacional en pacientes del centro de salud “nueva San Rafael”, Esmeraldas. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2024 [citado 6 Jul 2025]; 43. Disponible en: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/3671
15. Sánchez Bárcenas RA, López Hernández D, Brito-Aranda L, García Mantilla BB, Thompson Bonilla MDR, Pavón Delgado E, et al. Factores asociados a la sobrecarga del cuidador en cuidadores primarios de personas adultas mayores con diabetes tipo 2. Atención Primaria [Internet]. 2024 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];56(10):102948. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0212656724000908
16. Hernández-Teixidó C, López-Simarro F, Arranz Martínez E, Escobar Lavado FJ, Miravet Jiménez S. Vulnerabilidad y determinantes sociales en diabetes. Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN [Internet]. 2023 [citado 6 de julio de 2025];49(8):102044. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1138359323001247
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Leonardo Pacios Dorado, Miguel Enrique Barroso Fontanals, Christian José Arencibia Pagés, Luis Mayer Revé Viltres, Carlos Yeison Hernández Rodríguez, Izvania Yaremi Modoy Valiente (Author)