Abstract
Background: Physical activity is essential for promoting health, autonomy and quality of life in older adults. However, adherence to exercise remains low worldwide. Motivation is recognized as a key factor influencing the initiation and maintenance of physical activity. This systematic review examines how motivational factors affect participation in physical activity among older adults. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar between 2016 and 2025. Studies were included if they involved older adults, assessed motivational factors and provided full text. Five qualitative, quantitative and quasi-experimental studies were selected. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Intrinsic motivation, including enjoyment, emotional well-being and perceived health benefits, emerged as the main determinant of adherence. Extrinsic motivation, particularly social support, professional guidance and group programs, facilitated the initiation and maintenance of physical activity. Identified barriers included physical limitations, low self-efficacy and limited access to suitable programs. Experimental studies reported improvements in self-esteem and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Motivational factors play a decisive role in the participation of older adults in physical activity. Strengthening intrinsic and extrinsic motivation should be considered in the design of interventions aimed at promoting active and healthy aging. Keywords: Aged; Motor Activity; Motivation; Exercise; Health Behavior.
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